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Percorso: USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus
Descrittore
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(PIQ) Cecoslovacchia CercaDefinizione
Location: Central Europe, bordered in 1938 by Romania, Hungary, Austria, Germany, and Poland.
Capital city: Prague
History:
On November 14, 1918, a union of Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia, and parts of Austrian Silesia) and Slovakia was proclaimed in Prague and recognized as an independent entity with the Treaty of St. Germain in September 1919. The eastern province of Ruthenia (Podkarpatska Rus) was added with the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. Despite the political union, the new nation faced conflicts among Czechs, Slovaks, and the various minorities such as the Sudeten Germans and Felvidek and Ruthenian Hungarians. In the interwar period, the country became a stable parliamentary democracy. Rapid industrial advances allowed Czechoslovakia to become one of Europe's most prosperous nations. Hitler annexed the Sudeten areas of Czechoslovakia in 1938. Slovakia became first an autonomous state and received the status of an independent country in March 1939. At the same time, Germans occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia and declared it the German protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In 1930, approximately 350,000 Jews lived in Czechoslovakia. An estimated 143,000 Jews from Czechoslovakia perished in the Holocaust. Soviet troops liberated the nation in 1945. Czechoslovakia's Communist party grew in size and power and established a people's republic in 1948. Reforms in the Soviet-bloc countries in 1989 and the fall of the communist regime led to the split of the country and the establishment of a democratic Czech Republic as an independent state on January 1st, 1993. (en-US)
Fonte
Schmidt-Hartman, Eva. "Tschechoslowakei." In Dimension des Völkermords: Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus. Edited by Wolfgang Benz. Pp. 353-379. München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1991. pp. 354, 379