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Percorso: USC Shoah Foundation Institute Thesaurus
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(PIQ) Ungheria CercaDefinizione
Location: East Central Europe, bordered in 1939 by Austria, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia.
Capital city: Budapest
History:
Austro-Hungarian defeat in World War I led to the reallocation of much of Hungary to Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria, Poland, and Italy. The area that constituted post Trianon Hungary was primarily populated by a Hungarian speaking majority. In September 1939 the Hungarian government attempted to establish a working relationship with the Soviet Union after the north-eastern border changed from a broader common with Poland to one common with the Soviet Union. Under pressure of nationalistic and pro-German political parties, the Hungarian government increased cooperation with Germany in the years 1940 to 1941 in order to regain the areas lost to neighboring countries as a result of the Trianon peace agreement. As a consequence, Hungary formally joined the Axis Powers. Germany occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944 to prevent Hungary from turning to the Allies. A nominally independent Hungarian fascist government was left in charge of the country's internal affairs. Hungarian Jews suffered as a result of anti-Jewish decrees, forced labor, massacres, and deportation. Deportations began in April 1944 and lasted until June 1944. On the eve of German occupation in 1944, about 800,000 Jews were living in Hungary of which over 550,000 lost their lives in the Holocaust by the end of WWII. Soviet troops liberated Hungary in 1944 and 1945. In 1948, Hungary came under the control of the communist party. After an unsuccessful anti-Communist revolt in 1956, many Hungarians emigrated. Free elections were held in 1990 and a multiparty government was created. (en-US)
Fonte
Varga, László. "Ungarn." In Dimension des Völkermords: Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus. Edited by Wolfgang Benz. Pp. 331-352. München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1991. pp. 337-8, 351