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Definizione

The Ustasha-Hrvatska Revolucionarna Organizacija (more commonly known as the Ustasha) was a founded in 1929 by Croatian nationalist Dr. Ante Pavelic. Under Pavelic leadership, the political platform of the Ustasha-Hrvatska Revolucionarna Organizacija (UHRO; Insurgency-Croatian Revolutionary Organization) was militant, nationalist, and fascist in character. Ustasha ideology also blended Croation nationalism with a reverence for Catholicism. In the incipient stages of the movement, an estimated 2,000 members subscribed to Pavelic's vision. Despite relatively small membership numbers, the Ustashi engaged in a violent campaign directed against the Yugoslav government. In October 1934 members of the Ustasha and the Vatreshna Makedonska Revolutsionna Organizatsiya (Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization) cooperated in the assassination of King Alexander and the French foreign minister in Marseilles. After the assassinations, Ustashi terrorist cells based in Croatia and Italy were successfully curtailed. Moreover, Pavelic was incarcerated by the Italian government. By 1939, the Ustasha movement had grown to encompass an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 members. After the German conquest of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the country was divided into separate administrative areas under the control of Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy and Germany. Hitler appointed Pavelic head of the Independent State of Croatia, a Nazi puppet regime. During Pavelic's tenure, the Ustashi regime, without the direct assistance of the Germans, embarked on a campaign of ethnic cleansing and extermination of countless numbers of Jews, Gypsies, and Serbians; some estimates hold that 250,000 to 500,000 Serbs, 20,000 Gypsies, and 30,000 to 40,000 Jews were murdered. In 1945 the Ustashi regime collapsed with the defeat of German armed forces in Croatia. (en-US)

Fonte

Payne, Stanley G. A History of Fascism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. pp. 15, 144, 469, 404-411

Termini più generici

• partiti e movimenti politici - fascisti